Commonly referred to as hematology. The study, diagnosis treatment and prevention of diseases of the blood and bone Murrow as well as the immunologic, homeostasis (blood clotting) and vascular systems. Since blood is a mainstay of life, these tests are the most commonly carried at most laboratories. Examples of hematological tests include haemograme, peripheral blood film, Bone marrow aspirate ESR, Blood grouping among others.

This is a specialty that renders the study and diagnosis of tissues removed surgically or at postmortem examination. The samples that are studied include endoscopic biopsies from the oesophagus, stomach, colon and urinary bladder. Other biopsies include excisions from skin, breast et cetera and large resections of organs like breast, colon, stomach among others.

Commonly referred to as cytology. This s the study of cells in disease. The cytopathology tests help to screen for common diseases for example pap smear for cancer of the cervix and Fine Needle Aspirate (FNA) for suspicious lumps or growths such as breast lumps.

The study of drugs in relation to absorption, metabolism, disposal ad their effects on the body.